<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <title>My Blog (en)</title>
  <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/atom.xml" rel="self"/>
  <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/"/>
  <updated>2026-04-19T14:00:00.000Z</updated>
  <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/</id>
  <entry>
    <title>(sticky) Meta Information</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2038/01/19/meta/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2038/01/19/meta/</id>
    <updated>2026-04-25T09:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Lists some meta information related to the blog itself for easy reference.</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Fifty-nine — Bye, Tenhou</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/04/19/bye_tenhou/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/04/19/bye_tenhou/</id>
    <updated>2026-04-19T14:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>2023/12/28 - 2026/4/10</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Fifty-eight — LLM Numerial IQ Test</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/04/17/llm_numiq/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/04/17/llm_numiq/</id>
    <updated>2026-04-17T03:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Some LLM-oriented IQ evaluations are already available on the Internet. For example, <a href="https://trackingai.org/home">https://trackingai.org/home</a> lists IQ-test results for well-known domestic and international LLMs, including the public Mensa Norway test and a private question set from a Mensa member. However, the Mensa Norway test is largely focused on <strong>visual</strong> reasoning. It may therefore also be useful to understand how LLMs perform on <strong>numerical reasoning</strong>.</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>How I forced VSCode Remote+Codex to work inside Ubuntu-in-Termux on Android</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/03/28/termux/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/03/28/termux/</id>
    <updated>2026-03-28T04:30:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Ever since I rapidly got into vibe coding last December, I wanted to try installing the Codex extension on every machine that could run VSCode. So my next target was that abandoned Android phone. In theory, Android (before Google <a href="https://keepandroidopen.org">hadn't yet done all the bad things it could</a>) can install Termux, and the latter even has a <a href="https://github.com/MFDGaming/ubuntu-in-termux">script</a> to nest Ubuntu inside it. So in theory, installing Remote SSH and Codex on that Android phone should be possible. But in practice...</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>How to construct a non-abelian group with p^3 elements</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/03/12/semidirect/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/03/12/semidirect/</id>
    <updated>2026-03-12T08:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Recently, while working through the exercises in Chapter 6 of Silverman's <em>Abstract Algebra: An Integrated Approach</em>, I came across the following challenge problem.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>6.16 (d): <strong>Challenge Problem.</strong> Construct a non-abelian group of order <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.439ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2.126ex" height="2.324ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -833.2 939.6 1027.2" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msup"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D45D" d="M23 287Q24 290 25 295T30 317T40 348T55 381T75 411T101 433T134 442Q209 442 230 378L240 387Q302 442 358 442Q423 442 460 395T497 281Q497 173 421 82T249 -10Q227 -10 210 -4Q199 1 187 11T168 28L161 36Q160 35 139 -51T118 -138Q118 -144 126 -145T163 -148H188Q194 -155 194 -157T191 -175Q188 -187 185 -190T172 -194Q170 -194 161 -194T127 -193T65 -192Q-5 -192 -24 -194H-32Q-39 -187 -39 -183Q-37 -156 -26 -148H-6Q28 -147 33 -136Q36 -130 94 103T155 350Q156 355 156 364Q156 405 131 405Q109 405 94 377T71 316T59 280Q57 278 43 278H29Q23 284 23 287ZM178 102Q200 26 252 26Q282 26 310 49T356 107Q374 141 392 215T411 325V331Q411 405 350 405Q339 405 328 402T306 393T286 380T269 365T254 350T243 336T235 326L232 322Q232 321 229 308T218 264T204 212Q178 106 178 102Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(536,363) scale(0.707)"><path data-c="33" d="M127 463Q100 463 85 480T69 524Q69 579 117 622T233 665Q268 665 277 664Q351 652 390 611T430 522Q430 470 396 421T302 350L299 348Q299 347 308 345T337 336T375 315Q457 262 457 175Q457 96 395 37T238 -22Q158 -22 100 21T42 130Q42 158 60 175T105 193Q133 193 151 175T169 130Q169 119 166 110T159 94T148 82T136 74T126 70T118 67L114 66Q165 21 238 21Q293 21 321 74Q338 107 338 175V195Q338 290 274 322Q259 328 213 329L171 330L168 332Q166 335 166 348Q166 366 174 366Q202 366 232 371Q266 376 294 413T322 525V533Q322 590 287 612Q265 626 240 626Q208 626 181 615T143 592T132 580H135Q138 579 143 578T153 573T165 566T175 555T183 540T186 520Q186 498 172 481T127 463Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>p</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> for every prime <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.439ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.138ex" height="1.439ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -442 503 636" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D45D" d="M23 287Q24 290 25 295T30 317T40 348T55 381T75 411T101 433T134 442Q209 442 230 378L240 387Q302 442 358 442Q423 442 460 395T497 281Q497 173 421 82T249 -10Q227 -10 210 -4Q199 1 187 11T168 28L161 36Q160 35 139 -51T118 -138Q118 -144 126 -145T163 -148H188Q194 -155 194 -157T191 -175Q188 -187 185 -190T172 -194Q170 -194 161 -194T127 -193T65 -192Q-5 -192 -24 -194H-32Q-39 -187 -39 -183Q-37 -156 -26 -148H-6Q28 -147 33 -136Q36 -130 94 103T155 350Q156 355 156 364Q156 405 131 405Q109 405 94 377T71 316T59 280Q57 278 43 278H29Q23 284 23 287ZM178 102Q200 26 252 26Q282 26 310 49T356 107Q374 141 392 215T411 325V331Q411 405 350 405Q339 405 328 402T306 393T286 380T269 365T254 350T243 336T235 326L232 322Q232 321 229 308T218 264T204 212Q178 106 178 102Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>p</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>.</p>
</blockquote>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Rathee's trilogy — CrypTFlow2, SIRNN, and SecFloat</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/01/30/secfloat/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/01/30/secfloat/</id>
    <updated>2026-01-30T03:30:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Background">Background</h2>
<p>Notation: Let <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.027ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.319ex" height="1.597ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 583 706" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D706" d="M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>λ</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> be the security parameter, and the length of the secret-shared integer be <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.025ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0.674ex" height="1.595ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 298 705" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D459" d="M117 59Q117 26 142 26Q179 26 205 131Q211 151 215 152Q217 153 225 153H229Q238 153 241 153T246 151T248 144Q247 138 245 128T234 90T214 43T183 6T137 -11Q101 -11 70 11T38 85Q38 97 39 102L104 360Q167 615 167 623Q167 626 166 628T162 632T157 634T149 635T141 636T132 637T122 637Q112 637 109 637T101 638T95 641T94 647Q94 649 96 661Q101 680 107 682T179 688Q194 689 213 690T243 693T254 694Q266 694 266 686Q266 675 193 386T118 83Q118 81 118 75T117 65V59Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>l</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>-bits.</p>
<p>Assume having the following basic knowledge in Multi-Party Computation:</p>
<ul>
<li>1-out-of-<mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.025ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.179ex" height="1.595ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 521 705" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D458" d="M121 647Q121 657 125 670T137 683Q138 683 209 688T282 694Q294 694 294 686Q294 679 244 477Q194 279 194 272Q213 282 223 291Q247 309 292 354T362 415Q402 442 438 442Q468 442 485 423T503 369Q503 344 496 327T477 302T456 291T438 288Q418 288 406 299T394 328Q394 353 410 369T442 390L458 393Q446 405 434 405H430Q398 402 367 380T294 316T228 255Q230 254 243 252T267 246T293 238T320 224T342 206T359 180T365 147Q365 130 360 106T354 66Q354 26 381 26Q429 26 459 145Q461 153 479 153H483Q499 153 499 144Q499 139 496 130Q455 -11 378 -11Q333 -11 305 15T277 90Q277 108 280 121T283 145Q283 167 269 183T234 206T200 217T182 220H180Q168 178 159 139T145 81T136 44T129 20T122 7T111 -2Q98 -11 83 -11Q66 -11 57 -1T48 16Q48 26 85 176T158 471L195 616Q196 629 188 632T149 637H144Q134 637 131 637T124 640T121 647Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>k</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.357ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="4.058ex" height="1.952ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -705 1793.7 862.8" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="msub"><g data-mml-node="mtext"><path data-c="4F" d="M56 340Q56 423 86 494T164 610T270 680T388 705Q521 705 621 601T722 341Q722 260 693 191T617 75T510 4T388 -22T267 3T160 74T85 189T56 340ZM467 647Q426 665 388 665Q360 665 331 654T269 620T213 549T179 439Q174 411 174 354Q174 144 277 61Q327 20 385 20H389H391Q474 20 537 99Q603 188 603 354Q603 411 598 439Q577 592 467 647Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/><path data-c="54" d="M36 443Q37 448 46 558T55 671V677H666V671Q667 666 676 556T685 443V437H645V443Q645 445 642 478T631 544T610 593Q593 614 555 625Q534 630 478 630H451H443Q417 630 414 618Q413 616 413 339V63Q420 53 439 50T528 46H558V0H545L361 3Q186 1 177 0H164V46H194Q264 46 283 49T309 63V339V550Q309 620 304 625T271 630H244H224Q154 630 119 601Q101 585 93 554T81 486T76 443V437H36V443Z" transform="translate(778,0)" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1533,-150) scale(0.707)"><path data-c="1D459" d="M117 59Q117 26 142 26Q179 26 205 131Q211 151 215 152Q217 153 225 153H229Q238 153 241 153T246 151T248 144Q247 138 245 128T234 90T214 43T183 6T137 -11Q101 -11 70 11T38 85Q38 97 39 102L104 360Q167 615 167 623Q167 626 166 628T162 632T157 634T149 635T141 636T132 637T122 637Q112 637 109 637T101 638T95 641T94 647Q94 649 96 661Q101 680 107 682T179 688Q194 689 213 690T243 693T254 694Q266 694 266 686Q266 675 193 386T118 83Q118 81 118 75T117 65V59Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mtext>OT</mtext><mi>l</mi></msub></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> can be implemented using public-key cryptography or similar methods, with a communication cost of <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.069ex" height="1.756ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 3124.4 776" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><path data-c="1D706" d="M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1305.2,0)"><path data-c="2B" d="M56 237T56 250T70 270H369V420L370 570Q380 583 389 583Q402 583 409 568V270H707Q722 262 722 250T707 230H409V-68Q401 -82 391 -82H389H387Q375 -82 369 -68V230H70Q56 237 56 250Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2305.4,0)"><path data-c="1D458" d="M121 647Q121 657 125 670T137 683Q138 683 209 688T282 694Q294 694 294 686Q294 679 244 477Q194 279 194 272Q213 282 223 291Q247 309 292 354T362 415Q402 442 438 442Q468 442 485 423T503 369Q503 344 496 327T477 302T456 291T438 288Q418 288 406 299T394 328Q394 353 410 369T442 390L458 393Q446 405 434 405H430Q398 402 367 380T294 316T228 255Q230 254 243 252T267 246T293 238T320 224T342 206T359 180T365 147Q365 130 360 106T354 66Q354 26 381 26Q429 26 459 145Q461 153 479 153H483Q499 153 499 144Q499 139 496 130Q455 -11 378 -11Q333 -11 305 15T277 90Q277 108 280 121T283 145Q283 167 269 183T234 206T200 217T182 220H180Q168 178 159 139T145 81T136 44T129 20T122 7T111 -2Q98 -11 83 -11Q66 -11 57 -1T48 16Q48 26 85 176T158 471L195 616Q196 629 188 632T149 637H144Q134 637 131 637T124 640T121 647Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2826.4,0)"><path data-c="1D459" d="M117 59Q117 26 142 26Q179 26 205 131Q211 151 215 152Q217 153 225 153H229Q238 153 241 153T246 151T248 144Q247 138 245 128T234 90T214 43T183 6T137 -11Q101 -11 70 11T38 85Q38 97 39 102L104 360Q167 615 167 623Q167 626 166 628T162 632T157 634T149 635T141 636T132 637T122 637Q112 637 109 637T101 638T95 641T94 647Q94 649 96 661Q101 680 107 682T179 688Q194 689 213 690T243 693T254 694Q266 694 266 686Q266 675 193 386T118 83Q118 81 118 75T117 65V59Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mi>λ</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>l</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> per instance; using IKNP, this can be reduced to <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="5.938ex" height="1.756ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 2624.4 776" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D706" d="M166 673Q166 685 183 694H202Q292 691 316 644Q322 629 373 486T474 207T524 67Q531 47 537 34T546 15T551 6T555 2T556 -2T550 -11H482Q457 3 450 18T399 152L354 277L340 262Q327 246 293 207T236 141Q211 112 174 69Q123 9 111 -1T83 -12Q47 -12 47 20Q47 37 61 52T199 187Q229 216 266 252T321 306L338 322Q338 323 288 462T234 612Q214 657 183 657Q166 657 166 673Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(805.2,0)"><path data-c="2B" d="M56 237T56 250T70 270H369V420L370 570Q380 583 389 583Q402 583 409 568V270H707Q722 262 722 250T707 230H409V-68Q401 -82 391 -82H389H387Q375 -82 369 -68V230H70Q56 237 56 250Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1805.4,0)"><path data-c="1D458" d="M121 647Q121 657 125 670T137 683Q138 683 209 688T282 694Q294 694 294 686Q294 679 244 477Q194 279 194 272Q213 282 223 291Q247 309 292 354T362 415Q402 442 438 442Q468 442 485 423T503 369Q503 344 496 327T477 302T456 291T438 288Q418 288 406 299T394 328Q394 353 410 369T442 390L458 393Q446 405 434 405H430Q398 402 367 380T294 316T228 255Q230 254 243 252T267 246T293 238T320 224T342 206T359 180T365 147Q365 130 360 106T354 66Q354 26 381 26Q429 26 459 145Q461 153 479 153H483Q499 153 499 144Q499 139 496 130Q455 -11 378 -11Q333 -11 305 15T277 90Q277 108 280 121T283 145Q283 167 269 183T234 206T200 217T182 220H180Q168 178 159 139T145 81T136 44T129 20T122 7T111 -2Q98 -11 83 -11Q66 -11 57 -1T48 16Q48 26 85 176T158 471L195 616Q196 629 188 632T149 637H144Q134 637 131 637T124 640T121 647Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2326.4,0)"><path data-c="1D459" d="M117 59Q117 26 142 26Q179 26 205 131Q211 151 215 152Q217 153 225 153H229Q238 153 241 153T246 151T248 144Q247 138 245 128T234 90T214 43T183 6T137 -11Q101 -11 70 11T38 85Q38 97 39 102L104 360Q167 615 167 623Q167 626 166 628T162 632T157 634T149 635T141 636T132 637T122 637Q112 637 109 637T101 638T95 641T94 647Q94 649 96 661Q101 680 107 682T179 688Q194 689 213 690T243 693T254 694Q266 694 266 686Q266 675 193 386T118 83Q118 81 118 75T117 65V59Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>λ</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>l</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>.</li>
<li>Addition and scalar multiplication based on 2-party additive secret sharing are almost free (no communication overhead).</li>
<li>Secure multiplication operations for 2-party computation can be implemented using Beaver triples. One secure multiplication operation requires a total communication cost of <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.025ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.805ex" height="1.595ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 798 705" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><path data-c="1D459" d="M117 59Q117 26 142 26Q179 26 205 131Q211 151 215 152Q217 153 225 153H229Q238 153 241 153T246 151T248 144Q247 138 245 128T234 90T214 43T183 6T137 -11Q101 -11 70 11T38 85Q38 97 39 102L104 360Q167 615 167 623Q167 626 166 628T162 632T157 634T149 635T141 636T132 637T122 637Q112 637 109 637T101 638T95 641T94 647Q94 649 96 661Q101 680 107 682T179 688Q194 689 213 690T243 693T254 694Q266 694 266 686Q266 675 193 386T118 83Q118 81 118 75T117 65V59Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mi>l</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>.</li>
</ul>
<p>For floating-point storage, we use IEEE 754 Float32 (single-precision standard):</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23.922ex" height="2.515ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -861.5 10573.3 1111.5" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488T164 576T202 643T244 695T277 729T302 750H315H319Q333 750 333 741Q333 738 316 720T275 667T226 581T184 443T167 250T184 58T225 -81T274 -167T316 -220T333 -241Q333 -250 318 -250H315H302L274 -226Q180 -141 137 -14T94 250Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(389,0)"><path data-c="2212" d="M84 237T84 250T98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1167,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(1667,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="29" d="M60 749L64 750Q69 750 74 750H86L114 726Q208 641 251 514T294 250Q294 182 284 119T261 12T224 -76T186 -143T145 -194T113 -227T90 -246Q87 -249 86 -250H74Q66 -250 63 -250T58 -247T55 -238Q56 -237 66 -225Q221 -64 221 250T66 725Q56 737 55 738Q55 746 60 749Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(422,363) scale(0.707)"><path data-c="1D446" d="M308 24Q367 24 416 76T466 197Q466 260 414 284Q308 311 278 321T236 341Q176 383 176 462Q176 523 208 573T273 648Q302 673 343 688T407 704H418H425Q521 704 564 640Q565 640 577 653T603 682T623 704Q624 704 627 704T632 705Q645 705 645 698T617 577T585 459T569 456Q549 456 549 465Q549 471 550 475Q550 478 551 494T553 520Q553 554 544 579T526 616T501 641Q465 662 419 662Q362 662 313 616T263 510Q263 480 278 458T319 427Q323 425 389 408T456 390Q490 379 522 342T554 242Q554 216 546 186Q541 164 528 137T492 78T426 18T332 -20Q320 -22 298 -22Q199 -22 144 33L134 44L106 13Q83 -14 78 -18T65 -22Q52 -22 52 -14Q52 -11 110 221Q112 227 130 227H143Q149 221 149 216Q149 214 148 207T144 186T142 153Q144 114 160 87T203 47T255 29T308 24Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2817.3,0)"><path data-c="D7" d="M630 29Q630 9 609 9Q604 9 587 25T493 118L389 222L284 117Q178 13 175 11Q171 9 168 9Q160 9 154 15T147 29Q147 36 161 51T255 146L359 250L255 354Q174 435 161 449T147 471Q147 480 153 485T168 490Q173 490 175 489Q178 487 284 383L389 278L493 382Q570 459 587 475T609 491Q630 491 630 471Q630 464 620 453T522 355L418 250L522 145Q606 61 618 48T630 29Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3817.5,0)"><path data-c="28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488T164 576T202 643T244 695T277 729T302 750H315H319Q333 750 333 741Q333 738 316 720T275 667T226 581T184 443T167 250T184 58T225 -81T274 -167T316 -220T333 -241Q333 -250 318 -250H315H302L274 -226Q180 -141 137 -14T94 250Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(4206.5,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/><path data-c="2E" d="M78 60Q78 84 95 102T138 120Q162 120 180 104T199 61Q199 36 182 18T139 0T96 17T78 60Z" transform="translate(500,0)" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4984.5,0)"><path data-c="1D440" d="M289 629Q289 635 232 637Q208 637 201 638T194 648Q194 649 196 659Q197 662 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3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(533,363) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D438" d="M492 213Q472 213 472 226Q472 230 477 250T482 285Q482 316 461 323T364 330H312Q311 328 277 192T243 52Q243 48 254 48T334 46Q428 46 458 48T518 61Q567 77 599 117T670 248Q680 270 683 272Q690 274 698 274Q718 274 718 261Q613 7 608 2Q605 0 322 0H133Q31 0 31 11Q31 13 34 25Q38 41 42 43T65 46Q92 46 125 49Q139 52 144 61Q146 66 215 342T285 622Q285 629 281 629Q273 632 228 634H197Q191 640 191 642T193 659Q197 676 203 680H757Q764 676 764 669Q764 664 751 557T737 447Q735 440 717 440H705Q698 445 698 453L701 476Q704 500 704 528Q704 558 697 578T678 609T643 625T596 632T532 634H485Q397 633 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5T306 36L300 51Q299 52 296 50Q294 48 292 46Q233 -10 172 -10Q117 -10 75 30T33 157ZM351 328Q351 334 346 350T323 385T277 405Q242 405 210 374T160 293Q131 214 119 129Q119 126 119 118T118 106Q118 61 136 44T179 26Q217 26 254 59T298 110Q300 114 325 217T351 328Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2845,0)"><path data-c="1D460" d="M131 289Q131 321 147 354T203 415T300 442Q362 442 390 415T419 355Q419 323 402 308T364 292Q351 292 340 300T328 326Q328 342 337 354T354 372T367 378Q368 378 368 379Q368 382 361 388T336 399T297 405Q249 405 227 379T204 326Q204 301 223 291T278 274T330 259Q396 230 396 163Q396 135 385 107T352 51T289 7T195 -10Q118 -10 86 19T53 87Q53 126 74 143T118 160Q133 160 146 151T160 120Q160 94 142 76T111 58Q109 57 108 57T107 55Q108 52 115 47T146 34T201 27Q237 27 263 38T301 66T318 97T323 122Q323 150 302 164T254 181T195 196T148 231Q131 256 131 289Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>S</mi></msup><mo>×</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1.</mn><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi>E</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msup></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Sign bit <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.05ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.459ex" height="1.645ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -705 645 727" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D446" d="M308 24Q367 24 416 76T466 197Q466 260 414 284Q308 311 278 321T236 341Q176 383 176 462Q176 523 208 573T273 648Q302 673 343 688T407 704H418H425Q521 704 564 640Q565 640 577 653T603 682T623 704Q624 704 627 704T632 705Q645 705 645 698T617 577T585 459T569 456Q549 456 549 465Q549 471 550 475Q550 478 551 494T553 520Q553 554 544 579T526 616T501 641Q465 662 419 662Q362 662 313 616T263 510Q263 480 278 458T319 427Q323 425 389 408T456 390Q490 379 522 342T554 242Q554 216 546 186Q541 164 528 137T492 78T426 18T332 -20Q320 -22 298 -22Q199 -22 144 33L134 44L106 13Q83 -14 78 -18T65 -22Q52 -22 52 -14Q52 -11 110 221Q112 227 130 227H143Q149 221 149 216Q149 214 148 207T144 186T142 153Q144 114 160 87T203 47T255 29T308 24Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> 1 bit, exponent <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: 0;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.729ex" height="1.538ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -680 764 680" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D438" d="M492 213Q472 213 472 226Q472 230 477 250T482 285Q482 316 461 323T364 330H312Q311 328 277 192T243 52Q243 48 254 48T334 46Q428 46 458 48T518 61Q567 77 599 117T670 248Q680 270 683 272Q690 274 698 274Q718 274 718 261Q613 7 608 2Q605 0 322 0H133Q31 0 31 11Q31 13 34 25Q38 41 42 43T65 46Q92 46 125 49Q139 52 144 61Q146 66 215 342T285 622Q285 629 281 629Q273 632 228 634H197Q191 640 191 642T193 659Q197 676 203 680H757Q764 676 764 669Q764 664 751 557T737 447Q735 440 717 440H705Q698 445 698 453L701 476Q704 500 704 528Q704 558 697 578T678 609T643 625T596 632T532 634H485Q397 633 392 631Q388 629 386 622Q385 619 355 499T324 377Q347 376 372 376H398Q464 376 489 391T534 472Q538 488 540 490T557 493Q562 493 565 493T570 492T572 491T574 487T577 483L544 351Q511 218 508 216Q505 213 492 213Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> 7 bits, mantissa <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: 0;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="2.378ex" height="1.545ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -683 1051 683" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D440" d="M289 629Q289 635 232 637Q208 637 201 638T194 648Q194 649 196 659Q197 662 198 666T199 671T201 676T203 679T207 681T212 683T220 683T232 684Q238 684 262 684T307 683Q386 683 398 683T414 678Q415 674 451 396L487 117L510 154Q534 190 574 254T662 394Q837 673 839 675Q840 676 842 678T846 681L852 683H948Q965 683 988 683T1017 684Q1051 684 1051 673Q1051 668 1048 656T1045 643Q1041 637 1008 637Q968 636 957 634T939 623Q936 618 867 340T797 59Q797 55 798 54T805 50T822 48T855 46H886Q892 37 892 35Q892 19 885 5Q880 0 869 0Q864 0 828 1T736 2Q675 2 644 2T609 1Q592 1 592 11Q592 13 594 25Q598 41 602 43T625 46Q652 46 685 49Q699 52 704 61Q706 65 742 207T813 490T848 631L654 322Q458 10 453 5Q451 4 449 3Q444 0 433 0Q418 0 415 7Q413 11 374 317L335 624L267 354Q200 88 200 79Q206 46 272 46H282Q288 41 289 37T286 19Q282 3 278 1Q274 0 267 0Q265 0 255 0T221 1T157 2Q127 2 95 1T58 0Q43 0 39 2T35 11Q35 13 38 25T43 40Q45 46 65 46Q135 46 154 86Q158 92 223 354T289 629Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>M</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> 23 bits, <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10.42ex" height="1.756ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -694 4605.6 776" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D44F" d="M73 647Q73 657 77 670T89 683Q90 683 161 688T234 694Q246 694 246 685T212 542Q204 508 195 472T180 418L176 399Q176 396 182 402Q231 442 283 442Q345 442 383 396T422 280Q422 169 343 79T173 -11Q123 -11 82 27T40 150V159Q40 180 48 217T97 414Q147 611 147 623T109 637Q104 637 101 637H96Q86 637 83 637T76 640T73 647ZM336 325V331Q336 405 275 405Q258 405 240 397T207 376T181 352T163 330L157 322L136 236Q114 150 114 114Q114 66 138 42Q154 26 178 26Q211 26 245 58Q270 81 285 114T318 219Q336 291 336 325Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(429,0)"><path data-c="1D456" d="M184 600Q184 624 203 642T247 661Q265 661 277 649T290 619Q290 596 270 577T226 557Q211 557 198 567T184 600ZM21 287Q21 295 30 318T54 369T98 420T158 442Q197 442 223 419T250 357Q250 340 236 301T196 196T154 83Q149 61 149 51Q149 26 166 26Q175 26 185 29T208 43T235 78T260 137Q263 149 265 151T282 153Q302 153 302 143Q302 135 293 112T268 61T223 11T161 -11Q129 -11 102 10T74 74Q74 91 79 106T122 220Q160 321 166 341T173 380Q173 404 156 404H154Q124 404 99 371T61 287Q60 286 59 284T58 281T56 279T53 278T49 278T41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(774,0)"><path data-c="1D44E" d="M33 157Q33 258 109 349T280 441Q331 441 370 392Q386 422 416 422Q429 422 439 414T449 394Q449 381 412 234T374 68Q374 43 381 35T402 26Q411 27 422 35Q443 55 463 131Q469 151 473 152Q475 153 483 153H487Q506 153 506 144Q506 138 501 117T481 63T449 13Q436 0 417 -8Q409 -10 393 -10Q359 -10 336 5T306 36L300 51Q299 52 296 50Q294 48 292 46Q233 -10 172 -10Q117 -10 75 30T33 157ZM351 328Q351 334 346 350T323 385T277 405Q242 405 210 374T160 293Q131 214 119 129Q119 126 119 118T118 106Q118 61 136 44T179 26Q217 26 254 59T298 110Q300 114 325 217T351 328Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1303,0)"><path data-c="1D460" d="M131 289Q131 321 147 354T203 415T300 442Q362 442 390 415T419 355Q419 323 402 308T364 292Q351 292 340 300T328 326Q328 342 337 354T354 372T367 378Q368 378 368 379Q368 382 361 388T336 399T297 405Q249 405 227 379T204 326Q204 301 223 291T278 274T330 259Q396 230 396 163Q396 135 385 107T352 51T289 7T195 -10Q118 -10 86 19T53 87Q53 126 74 143T118 160Q133 160 146 151T160 120Q160 94 142 76T111 58Q109 57 108 57T107 55Q108 52 115 47T146 34T201 27Q237 27 263 38T301 66T318 97T323 122Q323 150 302 164T254 181T195 196T148 231Q131 256 131 289Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(2049.8,0)"><path data-c="3D" d="M56 347Q56 360 70 367H707Q722 359 722 347Q722 336 708 328L390 327H72Q56 332 56 347ZM56 153Q56 168 72 173H708Q722 163 722 153Q722 140 707 133H70Q56 140 56 153Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3105.6,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/><path data-c="32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z" transform="translate(500,0)" style="stroke-width: 3;"/><path data-c="37" d="M55 458Q56 460 72 567L88 674Q88 676 108 676H128V672Q128 662 143 655T195 646T364 644H485V605L417 512Q408 500 387 472T360 435T339 403T319 367T305 330T292 284T284 230T278 162T275 80Q275 66 275 52T274 28V19Q270 2 255 -10T221 -22Q210 -22 200 -19T179 0T168 40Q168 198 265 368Q285 400 349 489L395 552H302Q128 552 119 546Q113 543 108 522T98 479L95 458V455H55V458Z" transform="translate(1000,0)" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>127</mn></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Round-to-nearest-ties-to-even</p>
</li>
</ul>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Fifty-seven — Upon the Proof of Erdős Problem 281 by GPT 5.2-Pro</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/01/20/camus/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2026/01/20/camus/</id>
    <updated>2026-01-20T02:30:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Two days ago, I stood still and realized: Every path leads to an end. Every action yields the same result. Every message receives the same response. Eventually, the very decision to move became the problem.</p>
<p>Still, I went to the library and borrowed an worn copy of <em>The Myth of Sisyphus</em>. On page two, there was a phone number. I messaged it. Confused, the woman on the other side asked which library. I answered. She said: &quot;I don't remember. It's been too long.&quot;</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Fifty-six — My 2025</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/12/31/bye2025/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/12/31/bye2025/</id>
    <updated>2025-12-31T15:50:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>I feel like my current life is like a PRNG lacking an entropy source, trapped in a loop called &quot;scientific research,&quot; but the one advantage is the rare sense of &quot;peace.&quot;</p>
<img src='https://img.junyu33.me/blog/bye2025/bye2025.png'>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Flash STF-AL10 into Lineage</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/11/29/lineage/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/11/29/lineage/</id>
    <updated>2025-11-29T14:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>After getting a new phone again, and after a week of persistent effort, I finally managed to flash Lineage onto my previously unlocked bootloader phone (STF-AL10).</p>
<p>Here's a description of the complete flashing process.</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Why does elliptic curve point addition satisfy the associative law?</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/08/10/cayley/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/08/10/cayley/</id>
    <updated>2025-08-10T03:30:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>This article introduces the proof of the associativity law for elliptic curve point addition, as well as the stronger 9-point theorem. Additionally, it covers three corollaries of this theorem: Pascal's theorem, Pappus' theorem, and the polar principle of pole and polar for conic sections.</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Obtaining the super administrator password for the HG6143D1 router</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/07/28/router/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/07/28/router/</id>
    <updated>2025-07-28T02:30:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Because my under-18-year-old nephew was playing TikTok videos out loud too noisily and was addicted to online games, I decided to take some measures within my capabilities.</p>
<p>For example, I attempted to edit the firewall settings of the telecom router to block access to the domain names associated with the games.</p>
<p>I'll document the exploration process here, with the correct solution provided in the last section.</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Fifty-five — Blog 4th anniversary / Talk about the education of last 15 years</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/07/06/4th_anni/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/07/06/4th_anni/</id>
    <updated>2025-07-06T15:30:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>My blog turns four this year, and this year also marks my graduation from undergraduate studies. Therefore, the theme of this anniversary is to reflect on the domestic education that has accompanied me for the past fifteen years.</p>
<p>This is a heavy topic, but I don't intend to delve into lengthy discussions. Instead, I've chosen a lighter approach: by evaluating the teachers I've encountered from elementary school to university, I hope to sketch a rough outline of education from my perspective.</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Happy Tau Day 2025</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/06/28/tau/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/06/28/tau/</id>
    <updated>2025-06-27T16:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>TL;DR of &quot;The Tau Manifesto.&quot;</p>
<p>The original text defines <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17.807ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 7870.8 748" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D70F" d="M39 284Q18 284 18 294Q18 301 45 338T99 398Q134 425 164 429Q170 431 332 431Q492 431 497 429Q517 424 517 402Q517 388 508 376T485 360Q479 358 389 358T299 356Q298 355 283 274T251 109T233 20Q228 5 215 -4T186 -13Q153 -13 153 20V30L203 192Q214 228 227 272T248 336L254 357Q254 358 208 358Q206 358 197 358T183 359Q105 359 61 295Q56 287 53 286T39 284Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(794.8,0)"><path data-c="3D" d="M56 347Q56 360 70 367H707Q722 359 722 347Q722 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329L171 330L168 332Q166 335 166 348Q166 366 174 366Q202 366 232 371Q266 376 294 413T322 525V533Q322 590 287 612Q265 626 240 626Q208 626 181 615T143 592T132 580H135Q138 579 143 578T153 573T165 566T175 555T183 540T186 520Q186 498 172 481T127 463Z" transform="translate(1778,0)" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(6698.8,0)"><path data-c="22EF" d="M78 250Q78 274 95 292T138 310Q162 310 180 294T199 251Q199 226 182 208T139 190T96 207T78 250ZM525 250Q525 274 542 292T585 310Q609 310 627 294T646 251Q646 226 629 208T586 190T543 207T525 250ZM972 250Q972 274 989 292T1032 310Q1056 310 1074 294T1093 251Q1093 226 1076 208T1033 190T990 207T972 250Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>τ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>6.283</mn><mo>⋯</mo></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> to replace the current circle constant <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.025ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1.29ex" height="1ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -431 570 442" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D70B" d="M132 -11Q98 -11 98 22V33L111 61Q186 219 220 334L228 358H196Q158 358 142 355T103 336Q92 329 81 318T62 297T53 285Q51 284 38 284Q19 284 19 294Q19 300 38 329T93 391T164 429Q171 431 389 431Q549 431 553 430Q573 423 573 402Q573 371 541 360Q535 358 472 358H408L405 341Q393 269 393 222Q393 170 402 129T421 65T431 37Q431 20 417 5T381 -10Q370 -10 363 -7T347 17T331 77Q330 86 330 121Q330 170 339 226T357 318T367 358H269L268 354Q268 351 249 275T206 114T175 17Q164 -11 132 -11Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>π</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> and lists several reasons for doing so. In addition, I have also included one more reason.</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Diophantine equations and elliptic curves</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/04/27/diophantine/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/04/27/diophantine/</id>
    <updated>2025-04-27T15:30:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>In the previous post, we introduced the Weil pairing and Tate pairing on elliptic curves. In this article, we explore some applications of elliptic curves in Diophantine equations.</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Calculate weil-pairing from 0 to 1</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/04/18/weil/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/04/18/weil/</id>
    <updated>2025-04-18T07:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>To better understand the Weil pairing and the Miller algorithm, I implemented them from scratch in Python here.</p>
<p>The only dependencies used are the <code>pow</code> function, <code>math.inf</code>, and the deep copy function <code>copy.deepcopy</code>. I also adopted the OOP programming paradigm, which I'm not entirely comfortable with.</p>
<p>Although after writing this, my understanding of both the Weil pairing and OOP has improved (</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>From a LeetCode problem to a discrete logarithm solution algorithm</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/03/18/pollard_rho/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/03/18/pollard_rho/</id>
    <updated>2025-03-18T13:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Let's first look at the problem statement. You can think about it before clicking in:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Given an array of integers <code>nums</code> containing <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="5.254ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -666 2322.4 748" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D45B" d="M21 287Q22 293 24 303T36 341T56 388T89 425T135 442Q171 442 195 424T225 390T231 369Q231 367 232 367L243 378Q304 442 382 442Q436 442 469 415T503 336T465 179T427 52Q427 26 444 26Q450 26 453 27Q482 32 505 65T540 145Q542 153 560 153Q580 153 580 145Q580 144 576 130Q568 101 554 73T508 17T439 -10Q392 -10 371 17T350 73Q350 92 386 193T423 345Q423 404 379 404H374Q288 404 229 303L222 291L189 157Q156 26 151 16Q138 -11 108 -11Q95 -11 87 -5T76 7T74 17Q74 30 112 180T152 343Q153 348 153 366Q153 405 129 405Q91 405 66 305Q60 285 60 284Q58 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(822.2,0)"><path data-c="2B" d="M56 237T56 250T70 270H369V420L370 570Q380 583 389 583Q402 583 409 568V270H707Q722 262 722 250T707 230H409V-68Q401 -82 391 -82H389H387Q375 -82 369 -68V230H70Q56 237 56 250Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1822.4,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; 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left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container> inclusive, <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;"><svg style="overflow: visible; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; vertical-align: -0.312ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="7.625ex" height="2.267ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -864 3370.1 1002" aria-hidden="true"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D45B" d="M21 287Q22 293 24 303T36 341T56 388T89 425T135 442Q171 442 195 424T225 390T231 369Q231 367 232 367L243 378Q304 442 382 442Q436 442 469 415T503 336T465 179T427 52Q427 26 444 26Q450 26 453 27Q482 32 505 65T540 145Q542 153 560 153Q580 153 580 145Q580 144 576 130Q568 101 554 73T508 17T439 -10Q392 -10 371 17T350 73Q350 92 386 193T423 345Q423 404 379 404H374Q288 404 229 303L222 291L189 157Q156 26 151 16Q138 -11 108 -11Q95 -11 87 -5T76 7T74 17Q74 30 112 180T152 343Q153 348 153 366Q153 405 129 405Q91 405 66 305Q60 285 60 284Q58 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(877.8,0)"><path data-c="2264" d="M674 636Q682 636 688 630T694 615T687 601Q686 600 417 472L151 346L399 228Q687 92 691 87Q694 81 694 76Q694 58 676 56H670L382 192Q92 329 90 331Q83 336 83 348Q84 359 96 365Q104 369 382 500T665 634Q669 636 674 636ZM84 -118Q84 -108 99 -98H678Q694 -104 694 -118Q694 -130 679 -138H98Q84 -131 84 -118Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(1933.6,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/><path data-c="30" d="M96 585Q152 666 249 666Q297 666 345 640T423 548Q460 465 460 320Q460 165 417 83Q397 41 362 16T301 -15T250 -22Q224 -22 198 -16T137 16T82 83Q39 165 39 320Q39 494 96 585ZM321 597Q291 629 250 629Q208 629 178 597Q153 571 145 525T137 333Q137 175 145 125T181 46Q209 16 250 16Q290 16 318 46Q347 76 354 130T362 333Q362 478 354 524T321 597Z" transform="translate(500,0)" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1033,393.1) scale(0.707)"><path data-c="35" d="M164 157Q164 133 148 117T109 101H102Q148 22 224 22Q294 22 326 82Q345 115 345 210Q345 313 318 349Q292 382 260 382H254Q176 382 136 314Q132 307 129 306T114 304Q97 304 95 310Q93 314 93 485V614Q93 664 98 664Q100 666 102 666Q103 666 123 658T178 642T253 634Q324 634 389 662Q397 666 402 666Q410 666 410 648V635Q328 538 205 538Q174 538 149 544L139 546V374Q158 388 169 396T205 412T256 420Q337 420 393 355T449 201Q449 109 385 44T229 -22Q148 -22 99 32T50 154Q50 178 61 192T84 210T107 214Q132 214 148 197T164 157Z" style="stroke-width: 3;"/></g></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline" style="top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; position: absolute; padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: block; width: auto; overflow: hidden;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>n</mi><mo>≤</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>5</mn></msup></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>.</p>
<p>There is <strong>only one repeated number</strong> in <code>nums</code>, return this repeated number.</p>
<p>You must solve the problem <strong>without modifying the array</strong> and using only <strong>constant extra space</strong>.</p>
</blockquote>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>How to calculate square roots by hand</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/03/09/sqrt/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/03/09/sqrt/</id>
    <updated>2025-03-09T15:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>In elementary school, my father proudly showed me how he had learned to manually calculate square roots during his school days, saying it might come in handy for showing off among friends someday. I probably learned it back then, but later, this method seemed to disappear from math textbooks. All I could recall was the mnemonic: &quot;twenty times the initial quotient plus the next quotient.&quot; The main purpose of this article is to recount the process of how I managed to recall it.</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Intranet penetration to build overleaf server</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/02/27/overleaf/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/02/27/overleaf/</id>
    <updated>2025-03-18T15:00:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2>
<p>In the previous article <a href="/en/2024/09/22/vnc/">&quot;Building a Fast and Secure VNC Service from Scratch&quot;</a>, we achieved a connection from a non-public network machine to a public network machine using DDNS and set up a VNC service on the public machine. In the mid-series article <a href="/en/2024/11/08/canmv/">&quot;Learn Intranet Penetration the Hard Way&quot;</a>, we used the DDNS-enabled public machine as a jump server to connect to another non-public network machine, thus realizing the dream of working from home. The goal of this follow-up article is to build a web service (specifically Overleaf) on that other non-public network machine based on the mid-series article, allowing local access and ultimately saving the annual $89 subscription fee.</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Fifty-three — Beware of LLM becoming the next "test-taker"</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/02/01/chatgpt4/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2025/02/01/chatgpt4/</id>
    <updated>2025-02-01T03:30:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>With the release of DeepSeek and ChatGPT o3-mini, we are delighted to see that LLMs are continuously striving toward either &quot;cost reduction&quot; or &quot;efficiency improvement.&quot; However, given that LLM training also carries a paper-oriented nature, we must remain vigilant. If development continues in this direction, LLMs might become the next &quot;exam-smart but impractical experts.&quot;</p>]]></summary>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Fifty-two — My 2024</title>
    <link href="https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2024/12/31/bye2024/"/>
    <id>https://blog.junyu33.me/en/2024/12/31/bye2024/</id>
    <updated>2024-12-31T05:30:00.000Z</updated>
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Of all the goals I set in 2023, it seems only passing the IELTS exam went as planned—everything else turned out unexpectedly.</p>
<p>Here's a month-by-month recap of what happened in 2024.</p>
<img src='https://img.junyu33.me/blog/bye2024/bye2024.png'>]]></summary>
  </entry>
</feed>
